分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Classically, PT symmetry or broken in photonic structures is well studied, where only average effect of gain and loss on each optical mode is considered. However, in quantum, the role of gain or loss in a non-hermitian system is totally different, the specific quantum optical effect induced by which has never been studied. Here, we analytically obtained the PT-symmetry and PT-broken regime bounded by two exceptional lines in a bi-photonic structure with both gain and loss simultaneously existing. For the consideration of reality, the steady state condition under the weak gain is identified. We defined the exchange operator to represent the photon exchange between two modes and further to characterize the transition from PT symmetry to broken. Also, in the PT broken bi-waveguide system, multi-photon state can be on-demand engineered through the quantum interference. Quantum PT-Phase diagram with steady state regime is the basis to study the quantum state fabrication, quantum interferences, and logic operations in non-hermitian quantum systems.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Parity-time (PT) symmetry and broken in micro/nano photonic structures have been investigated extensively as they bring new opportunities to control the flow of light based on non-Hermitian optics. Previous studies have focused on the situations of PT-symmetry broken in loss-loss or gain-loss coupling systems. Here, we theoretically predict the gain-gain and gain-lossless PT-broken from phase diagram, where the boundaries between PT-symmetry and PT-broken can be clearly defined in the full-parameter space including gain, lossless and loss. For specific micro/nano photonic structures, such as coupled waveguides, we give the transmission matrices of each phase space, which can be used for beam splitting. Taking coupled waveguides as an example, we obtain periodic energy exchange in PT-symmetry phase and exponential gain or loss in PT-broken phase, which are consistent with the phase diagram. The scenario giving a full view of PT-symmetry or broken, will not only deepen the understanding of fundamental physics, but also will promote the breakthrough of photonic applications like optical routers and beam splitters.
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